Data Sources

Decennial Census Publications

(References are listed chronologically, starting with publications from the U.S. Census Office followed by publications from the U.S. Bureau of the Census (starting in 1906) and the U.S. Census Bureau (starting in 2001). Most of these publications are available in PDF on the Census Bureau Internet site (www.census.gov, Publications, Census of Population and Housing).

In the case of census publications published through 1945, Dubester numbers are included, which are from Henry J. Dubester, Catalog of United States Census Publications: 1790-1945. Lengthy titles are shortened for references cited in Dubester, which includes full titles and annotations.

U.S. Census Office. 1793. Census of Population: 1790. Return of the Whole Number of Persons (Dubester #3). Philadelphia, PA: J. Phillips.

_____. 1802. Census of Population: 1800. Return of the Whole Number of Persons (Dubester #9). Washington, DC: Wm. Duane & Son.

_____. 1811. Census of Population: 1810. Aggregate Amount of Each Description of Persons (Dubester #10). Washington, DC: U.S. Treasury Department.

_____. 1821. Census of Population: 1820. Census for 1820 (Dubester #15). Washington, DC: Gales & Seaton.

_____. 1832. Census of Population: 1830. Fifth Census (Dubester #19). Washington, DC: Duff Green.

_____. 1841. Census of Population: 1840. Sixth Census (Dubester #24). Washington, DC: Blair and Rives.

_____. 1853. Census of Population: 1850. The Seventh Census of the United States (Dubester #30). Washington, DC: Robert Armstrong, public printer.

_____. 1864. Census of Population: 1860. Population of the United States (Dubester #37). Washington, DC. U.S. Government Printing Office.

_____. 1866. Census of Population: 1860. Statistics of the United States (Dubester #40). Washington, DC. U.S. Government Printing Office.

_____. 1872a. Census of Population: 1870, Vol. I, The Statistics of the Population of the United States (Dubester #45). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

_____. 1872b. Census of Population: 1870, Vol. I, The Vital Statistics of the United States (Dubester #49). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

_____. 1883. Census of Population: 1880, Vol. I. Statistics of the Population of the United States (Dubester #60). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

_____. 1895. Census of Population: 1890, Vol. I, Report on Population of the United States, Part 1 (Dubester #177). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

_____. 1895. Census of Population: 1890, Vol. I, Report on Population of the United States, Part 1 (Dubester #177). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

_____. 1897. Census of Population: 1890, Vol. I, Report on Population of the United States, Part 2 (Dubester #178). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

_____. 1901. Census of Population: 1900, Vol. I, Population, Part 1 (Dubester #252). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

_____. 1902. Census of Population: 1900, Vol. II, Population, Part 2 (Dubester #254). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

U.S. Bureau of the Census. 1904. Census of Population: 1900, Occupations (Dubester #271).Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

_____. 1906. Census of Population: 1900, Supplementary Analysis and Derivative Tables (Dubester #273). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

_____. 1909. A Century of Population Growth from the First Census of the United States to the Twelfth: 1790 to 1900 (Dubester #2785). Washington, DC: Government Printing Office.

_____. 1913a. Census of Population: 1910, Vol. I, General Report and Analysis (Dubester #296). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

_____. 1913b. Census of Population: 1910, Vol. II, Reports by States — Alabama-Montana (Dubester #313). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

_____. 1913c. Census of Population: 1910, Vol. III, Reports by States — Nebraska-Wyoming, Alaska, Hawaii, and Porto Rico (Dubester #314). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

_____. 1922a. Census of Population: 1920, Vol. II, General Report and Analytical Tables (Dubester #453). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

_____. 1922b. Census of Population: 1920, Vol. III, Composition and Characteristics of the Population by States (Dubester #470). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

_____. 1933a. Census of Population: 1930, Vol. II, General Report (Dubester #653). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

_____. 1933b. Census of Population: 1930, Vol. III, Reports by States (Dubester #668). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

_____. 1943a. Census of Population: 1940, Vol. II, Characteristics of the Population, Parts 1 to 7, (Dubester #956). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

_____. 1943b. Census of Population: 1940, Vol. IV, Characteristics by Age, Part 1 (Dubester #971). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

_____. 1943c. Census of Population: 1940, Characteristics of the Nonwhite Population by Race (Dubester #976). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

_____. 1943d. Census of Population: 1940, Fertility for States and Large Cities (Dubester #980). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

_____. 1943e. Census of Population: 1940, (Dubester #976). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

_____. 1943f. Census of Population: 1940, Nativity and Parentage of the White Population: General Characteristics (Dubester #1001). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

_____. 1943g. Census of Population: 1940, Nativity and Parentage of the White Population: Mother Tongue (Dubester #1004). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

_____. 1943h. Census of Population: 1940, Vol. III, The Labor Force, Parts 1-5 (Dubester #964). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

_____. 1945. Census of Population: 1940, Women by Number of Children Ever Born (Dubester #982). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

_____. 1953a. Census of Population: 1950, Vol. II, Characteristics of the Population, Part 1, United States Summary. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

_____. 1953b. Census of Population: 1950, Vol. II, Characteristics of the Population, Parts 2-52, Alabama to Wyoming, Alaska, and Hawaii. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

_____. 1953c. Census of Population: 1950, Vol. IV, Part 3, No. 3B, Nonwhite Population by Race. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

_____. 1955. Census of Population: 1950, Vol. IV, Part 5, No. 5C, Fertility. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

_____. 1963. Census of Population: 1960, Vol. II, Subject Reports, 1C, Nonwhite Population by Race. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

_____. 1964a. Census of Population: 1960, Vol. I, Characteristics of the Population, Part 1, United States Summary. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

_____. 1964b. Census of Population: 1960, Vol. I, Characteristics of the Population, Parts 2-52, Alabama to Wyoming. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

_____. 1964c. Census of Population: 1960, Vol. II, Subject Reports, 3A. Women by Number of Children Ever Born. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

_____. 1965. Census of Population: 1960, Vol. II, Subject Reports, 1A, Nativity and Parentage. Washington, DC: U.S.Government Printing Office.

_____. 1972. Census of Housing: 1970, Vol. 1, Housing Characteristics for States, Cities, and Counties, Part 1, United States Summary. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

_____. 1973a. Census of Population: 1970, Vol. 1, Characteristics of the Population, Part 1, United States Summary. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

_____. 1973b. Census of Population: 1970, Vol. 1, Characteristics of the Population, Parts 2-52, Alabama to Wyoming. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

_____. 1973c. Census of Population: 1970, Vol. II, Subject Reports, 1A, National Origin and Language. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

_____. 1973d. Census of Population: 1970, Vol. II, Subject Reports, 1B, Negro Population. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

_____. 1973e. Census of Population: 1970, Vol. II, Subject Reports, 1C, Persons of Spanish Origin. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

_____. 1973f. Census of Population: 1970, Vol. II, Subject Reports, 1F, American Indians. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

_____. 1973g. Census of Population: 1970, Vol. II, Subject Reports, 1G, Japanese, Chinese, and Filipinos in the United States. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

_____. 1973h. Census of Population: 1970, Vol. II, Subject Reports, 1G, Japanese, Chinese, and Filipinos in the United States. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

_____. 1973i. Census of Population: 1970, Vol. II, Subject Reports, 3A, Women by Number of Children Ever Born. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

_____. 1982. Census of Population: 1980, General Population Characteristics, Alabama to Wyoming, PC80-1-B2 – B52 (Vol.1, Ch. B, Parts 2-52). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

_____. 1983a. Census of Population: 1980, Number of Inhabitants, United States Summary, PC80-1-A1 (Vol. 1, Ch. A, Part 1). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

_____. 1983b. Census of Population: 1980, General Population Characteristics, United States Summary, PC80-1-B1 (Vol. 1, Ch. B, Part 1). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

_____. 1983c. Census of Population: 1980, General Social and Economic Characteristics, United States Summary, PC80-1-C1 (Vol. 1, Ch. C, Part 1). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

_____. 1992b. Census of Population: 1990, General Population Characteristics, Alabama to Wyoming, 1990 CP-1-2-52. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

_____. 1993a. Census of Population and Housing: United States: 1990, Population and Housing Unit Counts, 1990 CP-2-1. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

_____. 1993b. Census of Population: 1990, Social and Economic Characteristics, United States. 1990 CP-2-1, Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

U.S. Census Bureau. 2001-2003. Census of Population and Housing: 2000, Summary Files 1, 2, 3, and 4. Data available on the Census Bureau Internet site at www.census.gov.

_____. 2002. Census of Population and Housing: 2000, Summary Population and Housing Characteristics, PHC-1-1. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

_____. 2003a. Technical Assessment of A.C.E. Revision II. (Estimates of population coverage in the 2000 census.) Available on the Census Bureau Internet site: www.census.gov.

_____. 2003b. Census of Population and Housing: 2000, Summary Social, Economic, and Housing Characteristics, PHC-2-1. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

_____. 2004. Census of Population and Housing: 2000, Population and Housing Unit Counts, PHC-3-1. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

_____. 2012. Census of Population and Housing: 2010, Summary Population and Housing Characteristics, CPH-1. Available on the Census Bureau Internet site at www.census.gov.

_____. 2012. Census of Population and Housing: 2010, Population and Housing Unit Counts, CPH-2. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. Available on the Census Bureau Internet site at www.census.gov.

 

References Other Than Decennial Census Publications

Anderson, Margo J. 1988. The American Census: A Social History. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.

Anderson, Margo J., editor in chief. 2006. Encyclopedia of the U.S. Census. Washington, DC: CQ Press.

Barde, Robert, Susan B. Carter, and Richard Sutch. 2006. “International Migration,” in Historical Statistics of the United States: Millennial Edition, Vol. 1, pp. 1-3 to 1-4. Cambridge University Press: New York, NY.

Bennett, Claudette. 2000. “Racial Categories Used in the Decennial Censuses, 1790 to Present,” Government Information Quarterly, Vol. 17, No. 2, pp. 161-180.

Bohme, Frederick G., et al. 1973. Population and Housing Inquiries in U.S. Decennial Censuses, 1790-1970. U.S. Bureau of the Census, Working Paper No. 39. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Carter, Susan B. 2006. “Labor Force,” in Historical Statistics of the United States: Millennial Edition, Vol. 2, pp. 2-13 to 2-35. Cambridge University Press: New York, NY.

Carter, Susan B., Scott Sigmund Gartner, Michael R. Haines, Alan L. Olmstead, Richard Sutch, and Gavin Wright, editors in chief, 2006. Historical Statistics of the United States: Millennial Edition. Cambridge University Press: New York, NY.

Carter, Susan B., Michael R Haines, Richard Sutch, and Gavin Wright. 2006. “Race and Ethnicity: Population, Vital Processes, and Education” in Historical Statistics of the United States: Millennial Edition, Vol. 1, pp. 1-3 to 1-4. Cambridge University Press: New York, NY.

Clark, Sandra Luckett, et al. 2003. Comparing Employment, Income, and Poverty: Census 2000 and the Current Population Survey. U.S. Census Bureau, Census Auxiliary Evaluation.

Dahmann, Donald C. 1992. “Accounting for the Geography of Population: 200 Year of Census Bureau Practice with Macro-Scale Sub-National Regions.” Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Association of American Geographers, San Diego, CA, 18-22 April.

Dubester, Henry J. 1950. Catalog of United States Census Publications: 1790-1945. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Eckler, Ross A. 1972. The Bureau of the Census. New York, NY: Praeger Publishers.

Fay, Robert E., et al. 1988. “ The Coverage of Population in the 1980 Census.” U.S. Bureau of the Census, Evaluation and Research Reports, PHC80-E4. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Ferrie, Joseph P. 2006. “Internal Migration,” in Historical Statistics of the United States: Millennial Edition, Vol. 1, pp. 1-3 to 1-4. Cambridge University Press: New York, NY.

Folger, John K., and Charles B. Nam. 1967. Education of the American Population. U.S. Bureau of the Census, a 1960 census monograph. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Forstall, Richard L. 1996. Population of States and Counties in the United States: 1790 – 1990. U.S. Bureau of the Census. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office.

Gardner, Todd Kelly. 1998. The Metropolitan Fringe: Suburbanization in the United States Before World War II. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Minnesota. See also www.hist.umn.edu/~gardner/metro/.

Gauthier, Jason G. 2002. Measuring America: The Decennial Censuses From 1790 to 2000, POL/02-MA(RV). U.S. Census Bureau. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office.

Gibson, Campbell. 1998. “Population of the 100 Largest Cities and Other Urban Places in the United States: 1790 to 1990.” U.S. Bureau of the Census, Population Division Working Paper No. 27.

Gibson, Campbell and Kay Jung. 2002. “Historical Census Statistics on Population Totals by Race, 1790 to 1990, and by Hispanic Origin, 1970 to 1990, for the United States, Regions, Divisions, and States.” U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division Working Paper No. 56.

_____. 2005. “Historical Census Statistics on Population Totals by Race, 1790 to 1990, and by Hispanic Origin, 1970 to 1990, for Large Cities and Other Urban Places in the United States. U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division Working Paper No. 76.

_____. 2006. “Historical Census Statistics on the Foreign-Born Population of the United States: 1850 to 2000. U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division Working Paper No. 81.

Gratton, Brian and Myron P. Gutmann. 2006. “Hispanic Population,” in Historical Statistics of the United States: Millennial Edition, Vol. 1, pp. 1-177 to 1-179. Cambridge University Press: New York, NY.

Haines, Michael R. 2006a. “Population Characteristics,” in Historical Statistics of the United States: Millennial Edition, Vol. 1, pp. 1-17 to 1-25. Cambridge University Press: New York, NY.

Haines, Michael R. 2006b. “Vital Statistics,” in Historical Statistics of the United States: Millennial Edition, Vol. 1, pp. 1-381 to 1-390. Cambridge University Press: New York, NY.

Haines, Michael R. and Richard Sutch. 2006. “Population Change,” in Historical Statistics of the United States: Millennial Edition, Vol. 1, pp. 1-3 to 1-4. Cambridge University Press: New York, NY.

Hajnal, John, 1953. “Age at Marriage and Proportions Marrying,” Population Studies, Vol. 7, No. 2, pp. 111-136.

Hindman, Monty. 2006. “States and Census Regions,” in Historical Statistics of the United States: Millennial Edition, Vol. V, pp. 5- 815 to 5-817. Cambridge University Press: New York, NY.

Hirschman, Charles, with Richard Alba and Reynolds Farley. 2006. “Race and Ethnicity: Definitions and Measurement,” in Historical Statistics of the United States: Millennial Edition, Vol. 1, pp. 1-4 to 1-9. Cambridge University Press: New York, NY.

Hobbs, Frank. “Age and Sex Composition,” Chapter 7 in The Methods and Materials of Demography. Second Edition. Pp. 125-173. Elsevier Academic Press: San Diego, CA.

Hobbs, Frank and Nicole Stoops. 2002. “Demographic Trends in the 20th Century,” U.S. Census Bureau, Census 2000 Special Reports, CENSR-4. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office.

Jacobsen, Linda A. and Mark Mather. 2008. “What General Data Users Need to Know,” report in the series, A Compass for Understanding and Using American Community Survey Data. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. Available also on the Census Bureau Internet site, www.census.gov

Kennedy, David M., Lizabeth Cohen, and Thomas A. Bailey. 2010. The American Pageant: A History of the Republic. 14th edition. Wadsworth: Belmont, CA.

Klein, Herbert S. 2004. A Population History of the United States. Cambridge University Press: New York, NY.

Minnesota Population Center. No date. “IPUMS-USA, Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ).” http://usa.ipums.org/usa-action/faq.do.

Robinson, J. Gregory, et al. 1993. “Estimation of Population Coverage in the 1990 United States Census Based on Demographic Analysis,” Journal of the American Statistical Association, Vol. 88, No. 423 (September 1993), pp. 1061-1079.

_____. 2001. ESCAP II: Demographic Analysis Results. U.S. Census Bureau, Executive Steering Committee for A.C.E. Policy II, Report No. 1. (Estimates of population coverage in the 2000 census.) Available on the Census Bureau Internet site: www.census.gov.

Ruggles, Steven. 2006. “Family and Household Composition,” in Historical Statistics of the United States: Millennial Edition, Vol. 1, pp. 1-3 to 1-4. Cambridge University Press: New York, NY.

Ruggles, Steven, Matthew Sobek, et al. 1997. Integrated Public Use Microdata Series: Version 2.0. University of Minnesota, Historical Census Projects.

Shryock, Henry S., Jacob S. Siegel, and Associates. 1971. The Methods and Materials of Demography. U.S. Bureau of the Census. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Siegel, Jacob S. and David A. Swanson, editors. 2004. The Methods and Materials of Demography. Second Edition. Elsevier Academic Press: San Diego, CA.

Sobek, Matthew. 2006a. “Occupations,” in Historical Statistics of the United States: Millennial Edition, Vol. 2, pp. 2-35 to 2-40. Cambridge University Press: New York, NY.

Sobek, Matthew. 2006b. Tables on labor force, in Historical Statistics of the United States: Millennial Edition, Vol. 2, pp. 2-77 to 2-82. Cambridge University Press: New York, NY.

Sobek, Matthew. 2006c. Tables on industry, in Historical Statistics of the United States: Millennial Edition, Vol. 2, pp. 2-101 to 2-107. Cambridge University Press: New York, NY.

Truesdell, Leon E. 1949. “The Development of the Urban-Rural Classification in the United States: 1874 to 1949.” Bureau of the Census, Current Population Reports, Series P-23, No. 1. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

_____. 1960. “Farm Population: 1880 to 1950.” U.S. Bureau of the Census, Technical Paper No. 3. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

U.S. Bureau of the Census. 1909. A Century of Population Growth from the First Census of the United States to the Twelfth: 1790 to 1900 (Dubester #2785). Washington, DC: Government Printing Office.

U.S. Bureau of the Census. 1949, 1960, 1975. Historical Statistics of the United States. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

U.S. Office of Management and Budget. 1975. Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas: 1975. Revised edition. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

_____. 1977. Race and Ethnic Standards for Federal Statistics and Administrative Reporting. Statistical Policy Directive No. 15. Washington, DC: U.S. Office of Management and Budget.

_____. 1997. Revisions to the Standards for the Classification of Federal Data on Race and Ethnicity. Federal Register, Vol. 62, No. 210 (October 30), pp. 58782-58790.

Weiss, Thomas. 2006. “Workforce,” in Historical Statistics of the United States: Millennial Edition, Vol. 2, pp. 2-63 to 2-66. Cambridge University Press: New York, NY.

Wright, Carroll D. and William C. Hunt. 1900. The History and Growth of the United States Census. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.